Magha Puja Day
Magha Puja day is one of the most important Buddhist celebrations
ÇѹÁÒ¦ºÙªÒà»ç¹ÇѹÊӤѭ·Ò§¾Ø·¸ÈÒʹÒÇѹ˹Õè§
which falls on the full moon day of the third lunar month
(about the last week of February or early March).
«Ö觵ç¡ÑºÇѹ¢Öé¹ 15 ¤èÓ à´×͹ 3 (»ÃÐÁÒ³ÊÑ»´ÒËìÊØ´·éÒ¢ͧà´×͹¡ØÁÀҾѹ¸ì ËÃ×ÍäÁè¡çµé¹à´×͹ÁÕ¹Ò¤Á)
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This day marks the great four events that took place during Lord Buddha’s lifetime, namely ;
Çѹ¹Õéà»ç¹Çѹ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒûÃЪØÁ¤ÃÑé§ãË­è (¨ÒµØÃ§¤Êѹ¹ÔºÒµ) ÍѹÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÁËÑȨÃÃÂì 4 »ÃСÒÃ㹤ÃÑ駾ط¸¡ÒÅ ¡ÅèÒǤ×Í

1.   1,250 Buddhist monks from different places come to pay homage to Lord Buddha at Veluwan Vihara in Rajgaha, the capital of Magaha State, each on his own initiative and without prior notification or appointment.
1.   ÀÔ¡ÉØ¨Ó¹Ç¹ 1,250 ͧ¤ìÁÒ¨Ò¡·ÕèµèÒ§ æ ¡Ñ¹à¾×èÍÊÑ¡¡ÒÃоÃÐÊÑÁÁÒÊÑÁ¾Ø·¸à¨éÒ·ÕèàÇÌØÇѹÇÔËÒà
ã¹¡ÃØ§ÃÒª¤ÄËì àÁ×ͧÁ¤¸ áµèÅÐͧ¤ì¡çà´Ô¹·Ò§ÁÒàͧ â´ÂÁÔä´éÁÕ¡ÒùѴËÁÒ¡ѹÅèǧ˹éÒáµè»ÃСÒÃã´

2.   all of them were the enlightened monks (or Arahantas)
2.   ¾ÃÐÀÔ¡ÉØ·Ñé§ËÁ´ Åéǹáµèà»ç¹¼Ùéä´éºÃÃÅØ¾ÃÐÍÃËѹµìáÅéÇ·Ø¡ æ ͧ¤ì
3.   all of them had been individually ordained by Lord Buddha himself (Ehi Bhikku), and
3.   ¾ÃÐÀÔ¡ÉØàËÅèÒ¹Ñé¹Åéǹà»ç¹àÍËÔÀÔ¡¢ØÍØ»ÊÑÁ»·Ò ¤×;Ãоط¸à¨éҷçºÇªãËé·Ñé§ÊÔé¹
4.   They assembled on the full moon day of the third lunar month.
4.   ã¹Çѹ¹Õéà»ç¹Çѹà¾ç­à´×͹ÁÒ¦Ð
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On the evening of that day, Lord Buddha gave the assembly a discourse “ Ovadha Patimokha” laying down the principles of His Teachings summarised into three acts, i.e. to do good, to abstain from bad action and to purify the mind.
ã¹àÂç¹Çѹ¹Ñé¹ ¾Ãоط¸à¨éҷç¶×ÍâÍ¡ÒʹÕéáÊ´§âÍÇÒ·»ÒµÔâÁ¡¢ì «Öè§ÁÕ㨤ÇÒÁÍѹà»ç¹ËÅÑ¡¢Í§¾Ãоط¸ÈÒÊ¹Ò ¡ÅèÒǤ×Í ·Óáµè¤ÇÒÁ´Õ äÁè·Ó¤ÇÒÁªÑèÇáÅзӨԵã¨ãËéºÃÔÊØ·¸Ôì

It was unclear as to when the Magha Puja Ceremony took place.
¾Ô¸Õ·ÓºØ­ÇѹÁÒ¦ºÙªÒ¹Õé äÁè»ÃÒ¡¯ËÅÑ¡°Ò¹ÇèÒÁÕÁÒã¹ÊÁÑÂã´

However, in a guide book of ceremonies for the twelve months written by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), it is said that,
ÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁ ¡çä´éÁÕËÅÑ¡°Ò¹ã¹¾ÃÐÃÒª¾Ô¸ÕÊÔºÊͧà´×͹ ¾ÃÐÃÒª¹Ô¾¹¸ìã¹¾ÃкҷÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃШØÅ¨ÍÁà¡ÅéÒ
à¨éÒÍÂÙèËÑÇ ¡ÅèÒÇäÇéÇèÒ

          “… In the past, the Magha Puja was never performed, the ceremony has just been practised during the reign of King Mongkut (Rama IV)…”
“ã¹Í´Õµ ÁÒ¦ºÙªÒ¹Õéáµèà´ÔÁäÁèà¤Â·Ó¡Ñ¹ à¾Ôè§à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹á¼è¹´Ô¹¾ÃкҷÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃШÍÁà¡ÅéÒà¨éÒÍÂÙèËÑÇ”


  Having realized the significance of this day, King Rama IV
  ordered the
royal Magha Puja Ceremony to be performed in
  the Emerald Buddha Temple
in 1851 and to be continued
  forever.

  ÃѪ¡ÒÅ·Õè 4 ·Ã§àË繤ÇÒÁÊӤѭ¢Í§ÇѹÁҦйÕé¨Ö§â»Ã´ãËéÁÕ ¾ÃÐÃÒª¾Ô¸Õ
  »ÃСͺ¡ÒáØÈÅ¢Öé¹ã¹ ÇÑ´¾ÃÐÈÃÕÃѵ¹ÈÒÊ´ÒÃÒÁ ã¹»Õ¾.È. 2394 áÅСÃзÓÊ׺
  仵ÅÍ´¡ÒÅ

   Later the ceremony was widely accepted and performed
   throughout
the kingdom.
   µèÍ æ ÁÒ¾Ô¸Õã¹Çѹ¹Õé¡çä´éá¾ÃèËÅÒÂáÅлÃСͺ¾Ô¸Õ¡Ñ¹·ÑèÇÃÒªÍҳҨѡÃ

   The day is declared as a public holiday so that people from
   all walks of life
can go to the temple to make merit and
   perform other religious activities in
the morning and to take
   part in the candlelit procession or “Wien Tien” in Thai

in the evening.
Çѹ¹Õé»ÃСÒÈãËéà»ç¹ÇѹËÂØ´·Ò§ÃÒª¡ÒôéÇ à¾×èÍãËé»ÃЪҪ¹¨Ò¡·Ø¡ÊÒ¢ÒÍÒªÕ¾ä´éä»ÇÑ´ à¾×èͷӺح¡ØÈÅ áÅлÃСͺ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ·Ò§ÈÒʹÒ㹵͹àªéÒáÅÐà¢éÒÃèÇÁ¾Ô¸ÕàÇÕ¹à·Õ¹㹵͹¤èÓÍÕ¡´éÇÂ

At the same time, at this auspicious time, His Majesty the King will preside over the religious rites to mark the occasion at the Emerald Buddha Temple and will later lead hundreds of people in a candlelit procession held within the temple’s compound.
ã¹¢³Ðà´ÕÂǡѹ à¹×èͧã¹âÍ¡ÒÊÍѹà»ç¹Á§¤Å¹Õé ¾ÃкҷÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐà¨éÒÍÂÙèËÑÇ¡ç·Ã§àÊ´ç¨ä»»ÃСͺ ¾Ô¸Õ·Ò§ÈÒʹҷÕèÇÑ´¾ÃÐÈÃÕÃѵ¹ÈÒÊ´ÒÃÒÁ áÅеèÍÁÒ¡ç·Ã§¹ÓàËÅèҾʡ¹Ô¡Ã»ÃСͺ¾Ô¸ÕàÇÕ¹à·Õ¹¨Ñ´¢Öé¹ ÀÒÂã¹ÇÑ´¾ÃÐá¡éǹÕé´éÇÂ

In fact, the candlelit procession can be held at any time suitable to the public’s convenience, either in the morning or in the evening.
¤ÇÒÁ¨ÃÔ§áÅéÇ ¾Ô¸ÕàÇÕ¹à·Õ¹¹Õé¨Ð»ÃСͺã¹àÇÅÒã´¡çä´é áÅéÇáµè¤ÇÒÁÊдǡ¢Í§»ÃЪҪ¹ ÍÒ¨¨Ðà»ç¹µÍ¹àªéÒËÃ×͵͹àÂ繡çä´é

However, in Bangkok it will usually take place in the evening at about 8.00 pm and the procession will be led by Buddhist monks.
ÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁã¹¡ÃØ§à·¾ÁËÒ¹¤Ã â´Â»¡µÔ¹ÔÂÁ¨Ñ´ãËéÁÕ¢Öé¹ã¹µÍ¹àÂç¹ àÇÅÒ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 20.00 ¹. áÅТºÇ¹àÇÕ¹à·Õ¹¹Õé¡ç¨ÐÁÕ¾ÃÐʧ¦ìà»ç¹¼Ùé¹Ó

In general, most Buddhists are not aware of the significance of this day.
â´Â·ÑèÇä»áÅéÇ ªÒǾط¸ÊèǹãË­èäÁè¤èÍÂÃÙé¤ÇÒÁÊӤѭ¢Í§Çѹ¹Õé

As a result, a number of people taking part in the ceremony may be less than on other days such as Visaka Puja or Asanha Puja Days.
´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¨Ó¹Ç¹»ÃЪҪ¹·Õèà¢éÒÃèÇÁã¹¾Ô¸Õ¨Ö§ÁÕ¹éÍ¡ÇèÒÇѹÍ×è¹ æ àªè¹ ÇѹÇÔÊÒ¢ºÙªÒ ËÃ×Í ÍÒÊÒÌ˺٪Ò

Even so Magha Puja Day carries an equal meaning to all Buddhists.
áÁé¡ÃйÑé¹ÇѹÁÒ¦ºÙªÒ¡çÂѧÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊӤѭµèͪÒǾط¸·Ñé§ËÁ´ÍÂÙè´Õ¹Ñé¹àͧ

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